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ESC | ESC Meaning
The basic ESC meaning is that each motor on our quad may be individually controlled by a simple electrical circuit known as an electronic speed controller (ESC). Our aeroplane is equipped with four brushless motor-specific ESCs, each of which is installed.
They function by transforming the electricity from the primary flight battery into a series of electrical signals that are transferred via three distinct wires to the brushless motor. The motor's rotation, speed, and even braking power are all controlled by that sequence. Each ESC receives information from the flight controller about the required speed for each motor. More on that will be covered in the section after it.
Figure 3-5. The ESCs we use in our example build are rated for 12 amps and up to 16.8 volts (4S battery).
The ESCs used in hobby-grade drones were initially intended for use in remote-controlled aeroplanes. Aiming to improve performance, RC enthusiast Simon Kirby created the appropriately named SimonK firmware, an open source firmware for hobby-grade ESCs. His improvement gave the motors a quicker response time, which significantly increased the aircraft's stability.
Most significant ESC producers now provide SimonK ESCs that are specifically tuned for use with multirotors (see Figure 3-5).
Flight Battery
The lithium-polymer (Li-Po) battery is one of the most significant technological advancements that contributed to the present civilian drone. Li-Po batteries, which are very comparable to those used in smartphones, have a substantially higher capacity-to-weight ratio than earlier nickel-cadmium (NiCD) and nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries. The reduction in weight was crucial in assisting UAVs in taking flight.
Capacity and voltage
Most contemporary Li-Po batteries are categorised based on their voltage and capacity. By connecting a number of smaller battery cells into the main battery unit, all Li-Po batteries are able to reach their desired end voltage. Each cell can withstand 3.7 volts (4.2 fully charged). In other words, a three-cell battery, like the one in our demonstration, has a rating of 11.1 volts (3 x 3.7 volts) and, when completely charged, can reach 12.6 volts (3 x 4.2 volts). The amp-hour serves as the capacity measurement unit (Ah). According to this, a battery charge will last for roughly 10 hours when powering a gadget using 1 amp from a 10 Ah battery. The same battery will last roughly two hours with a 5-amp load. Every one of our batteries will have a milli-amp.
Our battery's capacity is determined by its milliamp-hour (mAh) rating (see Figure 3-6). A 2200 mAh battery has a greater capacity. Compared to one with just 1500 mAh. Theoretically, compared to the 1500 mAh battery, this one will last more than 30% longer. That might not be the case, though, in the real world of flight. A 2200 mAh battery will require more energy to lift its quadcopter because it weights more than a 1500 mAh battery.
Li-Po batteries have several problems even though they advanced our hobby. Under some conditions, Li-Po batteries become unstable and can even catch fire!
Because of this, Li-Pos should always be handled with extreme caution. Damaged batteries should be replaced, and you should never use a battery that has been pierced in any way. When Li-Po batteries are being charged, use fireproof bags. Simply connect your battery to the charger as usual, then put the battery inside the fireproof bag and seal the opening as tightly as you can. Always keep an eye on your batteries while they are charging.
Conclusion
Leave a little in the tank Never discharge your battery below 3.2 volts per cell, as a general rule. This means that draining a three-cell battery below 9.6 volts will cause harm. Our experience has shown that setting an alert for 3.5 or 3.4 volts per cell allows us to land with just enough fuel (about 20%) to maintain our batteries. Also, avoid keeping fully charged batteries in storage. The majority of respectable chargers feature a storage setting you may utilise to lower the voltage per cell to a pleasant 3.8 volts. Your battery life will be considerably increased by doing this. |
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